Tag Archives: growth

The Calm Before The Storm

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Following the turbulent river of news which has flowed unrelentingly through the principal European media outlets since Sunday night, today we seem to be swimming in a relative ocean of calm. This is very deceptive. Today the Netherlands is voting and tomorrow the ECB will have a closely watched meeting which may potentially have significant consequences for the EU economy.

If at this stage there seems little doubt about the outcome of the Dutch vote (more worthy of interest will be the level of participation and the size of the ‘no’ majority), we are also unlikely to see anything earth shattering happening over at the ECB. It is unlikely that there will be any change in the Central Bank’s two per cent interest rate policy (or twirp, as some wit at Morgan Stanley has christened it, after the rather better known zero rate (or zirp) policy at the Bank of Japan). All the watching eyes inevitably be focussed on the press conference, and on Trichet’s handling of the inevitable questions (worth a look at the 2:30pm webcast).

So if today we are enjoying a ‘day of reflection’, tomorrow we will undoubtedly see battle rejoined. In particular, it will be ‘D’ – or decision – day for Barroso and the EU Commission.
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Falling rate of Intelligence?

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Conventional marxist theory used to argue that capitalism was doomed to regular and deepening crisis due to the impact of a phenomen known as ‘the falling rate of profit’. Basically the idea runs as follows: since on the marxist view labour is the only source of genuine wealth creation, and capital accumulation means that the proportion of active labour to ‘dead labour’ (capital investment) tends to decline, then the ‘rate of profit’ will diminish accordingly. Now I certainly have no intention of going into all this rigmorole, but I do remember some wit back in the seventies suggesting that if this was the case, then, for example, we could argue that intelligence must be falling, since the quantity of active human brainpower as a proportion of accumulated knowledge (living to dead ‘mental labour’) was constantly diminishing.

Well, low and behold, a paper out this week at the NBER argues just this case.
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European GDP Numbers

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Provisional GDP numbers for eurozone countries in the first quarter are out today. The German economy surprisingly bounces back, whilst Italy is now officially in recession after two quarters of contraction. Also worthy of note is that the Dutch economy contracted slightly in the first quarter, which may have some implications for the forthcoming constitution referendum there.
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Changing Perspectives On Immigration.

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Views of immigration are changing. Back in the mists of time, when I first came to the conclusion that ongoing demographic changes were going to be important, the voices in favour of a reconsideration of immigration policy were few and far between. Perhaps the first and most notable of these voices was the UN population division. Now things are different, and a series of recent international conferences and reports highlighting the positive advantages of immigration as an economic motor only serve to underline the fact that discussion of this important topic is very much back on the agenda.
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China’s Currency and Trade

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Currency traders around the globe lazily staring into their screens must have found themselves transfixed last Friday when the flatline indicating the value of the Chinese yuan (or renminbi if you prefer) suddenly jumped to life. And so it was that during a brief 20 minute interval the yuan surged to a level of 8.270 to the dollar from the hypnotic and seemingly eternal value of 8.276. Now 6 thousandths of a dollar isn’t really a very big deal, but it is the sheer fact that it happened that is causing all the fuss.
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Inflection Point?

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Earlier this month, when Edward wrote

The alarm shot was given by Dalls Federal Reserve President Robert McTeer when he declared in a speech in New York last week that whilst overseas investors now ?finance? the US current account gap, ?theoretically some day that process will come to an end, the flows will turn against us and there will be a crisis that will result in rapidly rising interest rates and a rapidly depreciating dollar.? This prospect, which currently seems remote, should not be taken lightly. It is real, and it is there.

I noted that this prospect had been around for a long time (close to ten years at least) and asked what would constitute a sign that this time might be different.
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Germany’s Jobs Woes Continue

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With unemplyment currently running at a five year high of 10.7%, yesterday’s news that GM/Opel and KarstadtQuelle are to reduce employment further (‘Germany Loses 15,000 Jobs in a Day’ was the Bloomberg headline) could hardly come at a worse time. There is plenty of evidence of the long promised restructuring, but little of jobs growth. ‘Jobs churn’ US style does require the two halves of the equation to at least balance.

The future does not look inviting. The FT puts it as follows: “KarstadtQuelle?s problems have been exacerbated by the extreme reluctance of Germans to increase consumer spending.” Actually I have been arguing that this ‘extreme reluctance’ isn’t simply shyness, and that there are clear structural reasons why this is the case.

At the same time continued downward revisions on the global growth outlook following the oil ‘spike’ mean that export driven economies like the German one can expect little relief on the global demand front (ECB president Jean-Claude Trichet is the latest to warn on this front, changing the banks emphasis earlier in the week to slow growth rather than inflation as the main concern).

Again – in a kind of ‘euro lament’ – Bloomberg sums up a rather bleak week week like this: “At least eight reports in the past week signaled slowing growth in the $9 trillion euro economy. The pace of expansion at manufacturers and service companies cooled, retail sales declined and industrial production in the region’s three biggest economies dropped more than economists forecast”.

To put all this in perspective, I think it is worth remembering that only six months ago most commentators were anticipating that we would now be entering the vigourous upswing of that long awaited recovery. As it is almost all the indicators seem to be pointing towards negative.

Recession on the Horizon?

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Morgan Stanley (among many others) have been busy cutting their 2004 and 2005 growth outooks. With Oil prices continuosly hitting new highs this all has some sort of inevitability about it. Whilst it is probable that the slowdown in growth will bring oil back from its current peaks, MS estimate that “the new equilibrium for oil prices is now somewhere in the $30-40 range — well above the $20 average of the 1990s”.

Obviously the oil ‘spike’ is well short of the magnitude of the 1970’s shocks, it is, however, no mere trifle. All of which leads MS’s Eric Chaney to conclude:

If, as we think, the barrel of Brent remains above $40 until the end of this year, the maximum impact of the shock will occur in the first months of 2005, where we see only 0.25%Q GDP growth. Because uncertainties surrounding consumers? and companies? reactions to oil prices are high, we reckon that the odds for a technical recession, i.e., two consecutive declines in quarterly GDP, have become significant despite assurances given by policy-makers.
Source: Morgan Stanley Global Economic Forum

Take care, you have been warned!

Update: this impression is only confirmed by the latest reading on the German-based he ZEW Center for European Economic Research’s index of institutional and analyst sentiment: down to 31.83 from 38.4, and by the decline in French industrial production in August.

Arrivederci Lisbon?

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The Financial Times reports today that the team lead by Wim Kok, set up after the March economics summit, and charged with carrying out a review of the Lisbon process, is likely to find that we are badly behind schedule. This is hardly surprising since the Lisbon agenda was rather stronger on rhetorical nicety (including the now famous objective of turning Europe into the ?most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world? by 2010) and rather weaker on concrete policies and objectives.

The intention is now to change this balance:
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