About Alex Harrowell

Alex Harrowell is a research analyst for a really large consulting firm on AI and semiconductors. His age is immaterial, especially as he can't be bothered to update this bio regularly. He's from Yorkshire, now an economic migrant in London. His specialist subjects are military history, Germany, the telecommunications industry, and networks of all kinds. He would like to point out that it's nothing personal. Writes the Yorkshire Ranter.

This House Has No Confidence In Olli Rehn, Nor Anyone Else

So here we are again. A peripheral European economy is falling apart, because of its hugely overextended banks. The powers-that-be, being the European Commission’s EMU directorate-general, the European Central Bank, and the German ministry of finance, intervene. This time, rather than letting the government deal with the banks, destroy its credit, and then lend the government money on terms that basically preclude any prospect of recovery – and don’t ask me, ask Deutsche Bank and Edward Hugh about the impact of youth unemployment on long-run productivity – they’ve decided to bill the banks’ depositors under the bail-in directive, and to hit the insured depositors below €100,000 although they didn’t have to, and then anyway impose a structural-adjustment programme of the order of 5.75% of GDP in case the horse sings this time – don’t ask me, ask the IMF. Everyone’s now standing by for Monday and whatever may come.

But isn’t this a bit, you know, 2008? If there was any point to the policy of the European powers-that-be, surely it was that this stuff was meant to be over? Instead, we are landed with a sort of permanent state of emergency. Why isn’t anybody sorry? Why isn’t anybody responsible?

Instead, what do we get from the elite?

Attempts at ideological policing. A cocktail of whataboutery and racist dogwhistle – I’m sorry, Professor Sachs, you’re smart enough and ugly enough to know just what is meant by welfare in current US politics. The British prime minister flat-out lying about what his own pet pro-austerity committee says. And I call it that advisedly. We’ve had Olli Rehn’s spokesman descending into playground bullying. We’ve had British chancellor George Osborne telling himself recovery is but a Friedman unit away. We’ve had that American private-equity guy complaining that French workers work three hours a day, when he put them on short-time working at three hours a day. We’ve had Hans-Werner Sinn suddenly discovering intra-eurozone trade imbalances after all these years. Someone has invented a political party to demand that Germany leaves the Euro because it’s not been austeritarian enough.

Clearly, the powers-that-be are as bankrupt as the Cypriot Bank of Horsemeat, and they must go. Paul Krugman is entirely right that the whole story is foully reminiscent of Iraq. The great flabby mess of elite consensus rolled downhill, not so much William Cobbett’s Thing as 1950s B-movies’ Epic Blob, absorbing every punch that could be thrown at it.

So what’s with the most prominent representative of this feeling in Europe, Beppe Grillo? Well, when he’s not looking after his network of offshore companies, or rather, letting his secretary and wife look after them, at least in name, he’s demanding the elimination of trade unionists – that’s a must read piece, by the way. You’ll need to put up with slightly tiresome left-wing-art-collective stylings and I was quite pleased to identify “that lot who called themselves Luther Blissett because he was black, like” before finding out they are indeed the collective author, but it’s damning. Further, even UKIP manage to make sense in flashes.

And after the usual painful negotiations and baboon threat-displays, the intergovernmental leaders managed to agree a budget that zeroed-out EU investment in broadband infrastructure. Obviously! (I agree I’m talking my book professionally there, but you’ll struggle to find anyone who doesn’t think it will do at least some good.)

Clearly, the old motto can be adapted. Tous les mêmes. Tous pourris. Même moi!

But it’s not as if nothing can be done. We still have the economic policy team at the Commission we had in February, 2010. We still have the same Commission President we had in 2004. Evidently, the European public is entirely satisfied and the same broad strokes of policy from the property-boom years are OK. No. Whoops, I took a crazy pill.

So, if you want new methods you usually need new men. The European Parliament has, to its credit, knocked back the budget. Now, it must stand up to its responsibility and knock back the Commission. Amazingly enough, we still can’t just bin Rehn, it’s all or nothing. But it’s been done before, over issues that were far, far less important in their consequences. This quote is a classic:

“It was becoming increasingly difficult to find anyone who had the slightest sense of responsibility.”

We still owe it to them, and blaming private companies will not do.

Back in 2007, the Danish army withdrew from Iraq. The government originally tried to avoid accepting Iraqis who had worked for the Danes as refugees, despite the fact that they were in grave danger of reprisals. Eventually, after a protest campaign and a protest by senior army officers, the Danish government gave in. In the UK, this example was followed – the government tried to wriggle out of it, this blog among many other people protested as part of Dan Hardie‘s campaign, and eventually some action was taken.

History is repeating itself, as Le Monde reports. The story is paywalled, but the essential point is that the NATO deployment to Afghanistan will only shrink from here to 2015, the Danes will be off very soon, and again the government is trying to wriggle out of its obligations to Afghans who they relied on in a variety of roles and who are now faced with Taliban vengeance.

This time, though, the cowardice and moral abasement has reached a new low. The official argument is apparently that the interpreters (and others) were employed by a private company, and therefore it is nothing to do with Denmark! This is repellent. It is not just that a moral obligation exists, or that a norm of common decency is involved. This attempt to hide behind privatisation is undignified, dishonest, dishonourable. Everyone involved ought to be deeply ashamed.

Now I strongly suspect that history will repeat itself in the UK as well, and no doubt in the other European contributors to ISAF. So it is important to get angry early, in order to make an example to the others. To lead off, I will ask a question.

The story above refers to a supposed private company, says that it is a British company, and then names it as LSU or Labour Support Unit. But there is no such company registered in Britain. “Labour Support Unit”, in general, is a British military organisation, a staff attached to a large formation or garrison that is responsible for employing civilians.

So either Le Monde is confused, perhaps because “company” can be a business, a social group, or a military unit in English, or else the Danish government is bullshitting to its own public that it’s all the problem of the private sector, while hoping that the British government sorts out the problem and spends the money. This is a sorry, sordid business.

Of fish, flowers, AKs, offshore banking, and now horsemeat

The horsemeat scandal has taken an unexpected, and possibly very significant, turn. So the Cyprus company controlled by Dutch meat merchant Jan Fasen, who was caught last year passing off South American horsemeat, and which is accused of doing the same with horses from Romania and the British Isles, turns out to have a single director, which is itself a company. (Fasen’s firm, if you haven’t heard, is named Draap, or the Dutch word for “horse” spelled backwards.)

This second company, Guardstand, also controls something called Ilex Ventures, which was used by…ahem…the international arms dealer Viktor Bout to buy some aeroplanes. Oh. Guardstand, for its part, is controlled by something called Trident Trust, which is a company-formation agent in Cyprus, which mostly serves Russian customers.

Now, it would probably be wrong to assume that Bout was behind the horsemeat racket or that some huger interest controlled both. It is probably more useful to look at this from a horizontal, functional perspective. Both Bout and the horsemeat guy made use of Cyprus’s role as a Russian-speaking offshore financial services centre with access to the eurozone.

There’s quite a lot more information at Reporting Project, which speaks to this point. The corporate structure is more complicated than the Guardian piece suggests. Draap’s sole shareholder is Hermes Guardian Ltd. in the British Virgin Islands, its sole director is Guardstand, and the company secretary is Trident Trust. Hermes Guardian is a shareholder in numerous other Cypriot companies, and one of its directors is the head of the Cypriot Fiduciary Association. And both Guardstand and Trident were also used during a half billion dollar acquisition of a steel mill in Donetsk.

All this originated because of the existence of a tax treaty between the Soviet Union and Cyprus. Russians and Russian money have been very obvious in Cyprus in the euro era.

It is often suggested that this treaty, like the similar one with Iceland, was intended by the Soviet side to help finance their intelligence agents in the West. If true, it’s possible that Bout would have been aware of it, having worked for the GRU (Soviet/Russian Military Intelligence) in Africa in the 1980s. As he used the Sharjah Airport free-trade zone as the trading and aviation centre of his business, he may have used Cyprus as the financial centre. These are the places where the rubber meets the road of globalisation, and they tend to build up a layer of secrets over time.

This immediately reminds me that his alleged financial manager, Richard Chichakli, has recently surrendered to Australian police after eight years on the run. He’s been extradited to the United States, where Bout is serving his sentence, still protesting to Russia Today that he only ever dealt in fish and flowers.

Now, for the other significant bit. Cyprus has a lot of the same economic problems as, say, Greece. Notably, its banks are in trouble and the sovereign may have to bail them out and the sovereign itself will end up bust, so on and so forth, we all know the story by now. One of the reasons the Cypriot sovereign is on the hook for quite so much money is that Cyprus has surprisingly big banks. Of course, they’re linked up to the rest of Europe via TARGET 2, so if the big depositors spook*, it’s an instant run on the bank.

Big depositors, you say? And who might they be? I think it is fair to say that nobody is particularly keen to bail out Viktor Bout or Horsemeat Guy. As a result, it’s politically very possible that the whole idea of a bail-in might get tested. And whether it does, and the exact terms, are increasingly linked to things like “how far into the maze the journalists get” and “whether Richard Chichakli starts singing in jail”.

And we may be going to see what happens when an offshore financial centre goes bust.

*surely the right word here…

Did you hear about the guy who wasn’t an economist? He was right…

Gordon Brown makes one of his rare post-prime ministerial appearances, arguing for globally coordinated economic policy, and especially, more stimulus. Here’s something I hadn’t heard of:

Prior to the G20 in the autumn of 2010, the Korean government, to its great credit, floated a compromise way forward. They proposed that each major economy set limits for its current account surpluses or deficits (China and, for example, Germany a surplus of no more than 4 percent; America a deficit of no more than 4 percent). Privately, China indicated its willingness to engage. U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner signaled public support for the plan. But after an unfortunate series of misunderstandings the Korean plan was stillborn…

German conservatives may have been thinking they’d passed the worst. After a long, long string of lost elections at the provincial level, they finished the year looking strong in the polls. And then they lost Niedersachsen to an SPD-Green coalition. Although the FDP falls out of government with them, it also got an unexpectedly good result.

Italian economist Luigi Zingales says Italy’s biggest problem is its ruling class. I’ve said as much – southern Europeans don’t actually work fewer hours than Germans, so surely management needs to bear some responsibility for dreadful productivity? I don’t speak Italian but I suspect I may not agree with his solutions.

Housing is the business cycle.

A prominent critic of austerity turns out to be pretending to be an economist. You can tell the real ones because their policy advice just sounds like they’re faking it.

Greece will not be asked for any more cuts for six months.

Central European Links

Here’s a depressing but interesting story. More and more Jews are moving to Vienna, which sounds rather hopeful…except that they’re coming from Hungary, to get away from anti-Semitism and people like piece o’work Zsolt Bayer.

Jonathan Freedland, meanwhile, asks his American friends to stop worrying about pogroms in London and to worry more about Hungarian and Polish politicians they find politically congenial.

You’d be surprised how often my fellow British Jews are required to disabuse U.S. friends of such delusions. One leading communal professional recalls a London meeting with an American counterpart, the latter first insisting on a tearful embrace: “You’re going through what my grandmother went through in Russia, with the pogroms,” he sniffed.

Nobody in the UK appears to have noticed that our aerospace/defence national champion is involved in a massive corruption scandal in Austria. A neat use of the radial graph visualisation explains exactly how BAE’s money was distributed around the Austrian political class to help sell Eurofighters.

Remember when the accession states were the happy hunting grounds of the libertarian blogger? Only too well. Slovakia’s prime minister thinks the privatisations were a terrible mistake and the flat tax was a sacred cow that had to die. Further, being a small and highly open economy/a branch of VW-Audi is less fun than it used to be.

And a Bulgarian politician is the target of a fake assassination attempt.

Europe’s capital strike, Central European edition

Even if Monti seems to have succeeded in dragging the spreads closer together, there are plenty of problems around the European economy. Bloomberg reports on central and eastern Europe’s economies in search of a growth model. So far, some of them chose export-led growth and integration into (basically) German automotive supply chains, and others had a credit and property boom.

Well, it’s pretty easy to work out which was the better idea, but the problem is that with demand (especially for cars) across Europe in the toilet, the export plan isn’t looking too great either. Worse, some of the exporters are seeing their exchange rates rising fast. Poland, which is the paradigm case of an EU accession state that specialised in exporting into the German automotive supply chain, saw its currency rise 9.4% in 2012.

Diversifying trading partners away from the euro region should also “help at the margins,” Ulgen [HSBC chief economist for the region] wrote, adding that Poland and the Czech Republic have already managed to increase trade with countries from the former Soviet Union. Polish exports to the Commonwealth of Independent States rose 21 percent in the first nine months of last year and Czech exports increased 42 percent, according to HSBC.

While fiscal stimulus is not an option, there’s also further room for monetary easing in Poland and Hungary, while the Czech Republic, with the policy rate near zero, may need to resort to currency intervention, Ulgen wrote.

The problem here is that the plan is now, apparently, “export to countries that are poorer than we are”. This being Bloomberg we get a ritual reminder that “labor and pension rules” must change. But the Czechs’ GDP per capita at purchasing power parity is 123% of Russia’s.

The Austrian central bank governor, Ewald Nowotny, is apparently a leader in this effort and if anyone ought to be batting for Central Europe it’s the Austrians. However, out of the three banks who have cut their lending in the region the most, two of them are Erste and Raffeisen.

The problem is not trivial. McKinsey estimates that private investment in Europe has fallen by €354bn since 2007, while the corporate sector has about €450bn in cash on its balance sheet. Being who they are, it’s all about “regulatory barriers” and such. But look at this chart.

What on earth are European governments doing contributing to the problem here?

Tories accidentally sell the EU to Britain

So, we’re still waiting for Cameron’s big speech on Europe, which has grown a Twitter hashtag (#TheSpeech) during its repeated postponements. Curiously, if the prime minister had set out to make the case for the European Union, he couldn’t have done better. As the dithering continues, the polls are shifting steadily towards more support for staying in the EU.

This is in the context of a longer-term swing back. In May, YouGov’s polling found that 51% of those polled would vote to leave. By the end of the year, this was down to 46%, and a week ago, 42%, with a matching increase in the vote to stay in. As the chart above shows, the lines have now crossed over. Even before the cross-over, more people thought that things would be worse outside the EU on the economy, on jobs, on their own personal interest, on the UK’s relationship with the US, and on UK foreign policy in general. Go ahead and hop over to here and get more information on legal advice.

Meanwhile, there’s been something of an elite mobilisation, with the newly deployed psuedo-thinktank the Centre for British Influence rounding up 16 Tory MPs to write to the prime minister (I was surprised they found so many) and managing to place a succession of “pro-European thinks Cameron is wrong” headlines in the papers.

One of the most surprising discoveries of this latest go-round of the Tories’ conflicts on Europe is that UKIP has stopped being a party that is primarily about the EU, in the sense that its voters don’t care about it. In general, British electors rank Europe relatively low among their priorities. For normal people, it tends to be a strong opinion but weakly held. Astonishingly, it turns out that UKIP voters are no different – their polling profile is basically identical to that of Tories. You can to get in contact with the best law firm near you.

This is important and interesting. It shows up that both the Tories and UKIP have a problem. The Tories’ problems are as follows – they’re competing for votes on both flanks, to the centre and to the extreme right (the polling is clear that UKIP wins votes from Tories), and they’re forced by their internal politics to spend time and effort making speeches about Europe and the nature of Britishness, which isn’t a productive activity. UKIP’s problem is more subtle; its leaders are fascinated by the EU. It’s why they do it. But their voters aren’t – only 27% of them rate the EU among their top three issues.

Over time, UKIP has evolved in a libertarian direction. Its leadership basically believe two things: we should get out of the EU, in order to be more neoliberal. The problem here is that libertarianism is very much a minority opinion. Most British people don’t want it or anything like it. Polling of UKIP voters shows they are no different. Instead, they seem to be Tories, but more so. They vote UKIP to register protest against the Tory leadership for compromising with the electorate and the Lib Dems.

For their part, the Tory Eurosceptics are trying to compete with UKIP in Euroscepticism and libertarianism. Therefore, the “Fresh Start” group wants David Cameron to demand three policies: an opt-out from the working time directive, and another from financial services policy. This is apparently meant to be popular. The Fresh Starters say some remarkable things – apparently the EU wants to “shut down financial services” – but it seems unlikely that the British people are desperate to avoid regulating the banks, and it is actually the declared policy of the government that the economy should be rebalanced to rely less on the City. (And they want to stop sending the European Parliament to Strasbourg, but then everybody wants that bar the mayor of Strasbourg.)

But this speaks to an important point. It’s meant to be about sovereignty, no less, and this is all they can think of to do with it?

Another interesting point. Is it really better for the public to believe in “Europe” abstractly by large majorities, and to be convinced that it is basically against their interests on concrete questions of fact, or to be suspicious of the windy speeches and wandering parliaments but to think that it’s probably better than the alternatives on real issues?

Kurds

A serious Iraqi newspaper is saying openly that it may be time to give up the Shia-Kurdish alliance that has run Iraq since Saddam, and let the Kurds move on to independence.

Shots fired at an Iraqi army helicopter to keep it from reconnoitoring Kurdish positions, while Jalal Talabani is seriously ill.

Exxon Mobil is giving up on its contracts with Iraq to concentrate on Kurdistan.

Old story, but good: the Turks have a backchannel from their secret service to the Kurds. This caused a major demo round the corner from here today.

The Kurds have, of course, staked out a big chunk of Syria after the government withdrew to fight more worrying rebels. What if this was the year they got what they wanted? I remember blogging years ago that putting a tough and well organised mountain guerrilla army between Turkey and Iraq seemed a fine idea from a Turkish point of view.

Links: Britain and Europe

Back in December, Anne-Marie Slaughter said she thought an EU-USA trade agreement might happen i 2013, and that the Americans saw the US and Europe pivoting together towards Asia. Art Goldhammer makes the good point that British eurosceptics should look out.

Professional super-Right Tory Peter Oborne catches up, spinning off a statement delivered by the State Department directly. There is no contradiction between the EU and the special relationship.

But there never was. The Americans have repeatedly pressed the UK to engage with the EU. I remember the same story from the Treaty of Nice; all sorts of people promised nightmares, but actual American diplomats and statesmen would repeatedly say that in their view, we ought to be in. Oborne is too partisan to say it, but the 51st state option has never existed. The Americans have never wanted the UK out of the EU. If they did, they’d say it.

It is true that a lot of Tories – Oborne names them – have dreamed that all the problems of leaving the EU would be solved by an appeal to America. The cult of America is part of the Thatcher cult in general. But Thatcher herself was never overawed by the Americans; the 30th anniversary releases on the Falklands War show that she was firm with them to a degree that the French would have considered flinty.

The belief that the Americans really want us out is pathological, relying on any blowhard willing to open the mouth as an alternative to their actual decision makers. The integrated north Atlantic market for bullshit means that internal Tory rows are exported across the sea and reflected back as evidence. As Hopi says, one result is that Thatcher’s Bruges speech would now be considered daringly pro-European.

Finally, Austrian chancellor Werner Faymann:

Mit Merkel habe ich ein gutes persönliches Verhältnis, innerhalb dessen wir inhaltliche Unterschiede haben. Warum ich mir mit David Cameron schwerer tue, vor allem auch im persönlichen Verhältnis und beim Vertrauen, auch wenn die Umgangsformen immer nett sind, liegt darin, weil ich bei ihm das Gefühl habe, dass für ihn besonders gilt, was wir vorher besprochen haben: Er redet im eigenen Land anders als im Europäischen Rat

My translation: “With Merkel, I have a good personal relationship, although we disagree about policy within that relationship. I find David Cameron more difficult, especially in our personal relationship and in terms of confidence [or trust]. Why? Even though his formal manners are always very nice, I have the feeling we discussed earlier but even more than with the others – he doesn’t talk at home like he does in the European Council.”

Some Eurolinks

Christian Gros gets, I think, to the heart of the matter:

The key to ensuring the future of Europe’s social-security systems, and thus its social model, is faster growth. And, again, it is difficult to see how more Europe would improve the situation. The obstacles to growth are well known, and have existed for a long time without being removed. The reason is quite simple: if there were a politically easy way to generate growth, it would have been implemented already

The question isn’t whether more policy areas are moved to the Commission (or in practice the ECB) or not, it’s what the policy is. Foreign Policy argues that Christine Lagarde has changed it:

She directed her chief economist, Olivier Blanchard, to publish new estimates showing that the fiscal multipliers — a measure of the impact of budgetary tightening on economic growth — on which the IMF had based its financial support programs in Greece, Ireland, and Portugal were excessively low. The new estimates put the fiscal multipliers between 0.9 and 1.7 — up from the 0.5 that had been previously assumed. In other words, the damage done by budget tightening was likely to be two to three times as bad as the IMF had previously estimated.

Armed with these estimates, Lagarde has pushed back against the ECB and EC [ed: we think they mean the Commission], arguing that by deepening the recession, excessive budget tightening can be counterproductive in stabilizing a country’s public finances. This has led her to recommend that Ireland, Portugal, and Spain not be subjected to another round of belt tightening if their economies continue to falter. Instead, she has argued that they should delay meeting their final budget deficit targets to allow domestic economic recovery to take hold.

Corporate Europe lives.

European operators have not talked about creating a single network with competition authorities, according to a Reuters, although they have expressed an interest in greater consolidation.

A Financial Times report earlier this week said leading operators had discussed with Joaquin Almunia, the EU’s competition chief, the idea of creating a pan-European infrastructure. The aim would be to offer better integration between Europe’s national telecoms markets.

However the later report, quoting unnamed sources, says the meeting had focused on whether the number of operators in Europe could shrink through mergers and takeovers, a process requiring regulatory scrutiny…

I can’t really comment on this, but I’m suspicious of the blue and yellow jacket round the bad whisky.